Norman Friedman

Norman Friedman is an internationally known strategist and naval historian. He is the author of nearly 30 books, including the award-winning Seapower as Strategy and The Fifty-Year War, a history of the Cold War that won the Royal Services Institute’s Westminster Medal for the best English-language military book for the year 2000.

He also writes a monthly column on world naval developments for the Naval Institute’s Proceedings magazine, and his articles have appeared in Joint Forces Quarterly, Jane’s International Defence Review, Asian Pacific Defence Reporter, Defense Electronics, The Journal of Electronic Defense, The International Countermeasures Handbook, Armada, Defence, ORBIS, Military Technology, Naval Forces, Jane’s Navy International, Signal, The Wall Street Journal (U.S., European, and Far Eastern editions), DPA, RUSI Journal, and the Journal of Cold War Studies, among others.

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Standard Missile 2 (SM-2) Block IV interceptor

Naval Ballistic Missile Defense A technological tale

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It has now been two decades since the U.S. Navy formally adopted the ballistic missile defense mission. For much of that time, ballistic missile defense was a relatively minor role, …

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The German Sachsen-class frigate Hessen (F 221) and USS Normandy (CG 60) participate in Exercise Neptune Warrior off the coast of Scotland on May 1, 2007. Hessen uses a high-frequency active phased array radar (APAR) forward, and long-range target detection radar aft, while the Aegis cruiser employs the SPY-1 passive phased array. U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Michael Starkey

Sensors at Sea

Surely the most spectacular recent advance in naval sensing has been the rise of unmanned vehicles – air, surface, and underwater – carrying sensors, whose output they can record or …

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The aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) receives fuel from the Military Sealift Command Auxiliary oiler USNS Guadalupe (T-AO 200) while steaming through the central Pacific Ocean before taking part in the 2008 multi-national Rim of the Pacific exercise. This was Kitty Hawk's last exercise before decommissioning in early 2009. The X-47B test program is designed to show that the aircraft can operate from a carrier, further demonstrating an extremely useful means of projecting U.S. power. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Seaman Anthony R. Martinez

A2/AD Answers?

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Two of the most important recent naval developments both relate to aircraft carriers: the flight of the U.S. Navy’s X-47B unmanned carrier attack aircraft in February 2011 and the advent …

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An artist's conception of the two future Royal Navy aircraft carriers in a scene unlikely to ever be viewed in reality: both at sea with full air groups. Image courtesy of BAE Systems

World Naval Developments Update

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Because this overview is limited in length, it includes only highlights, and it cannot cover even most of the world’s navies. Many navies continue to be involved in anti-piracy operations …

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USS Tripoli

Gulf War 20th: Naval Lessons of the Gulf War

For the Navy, the Gulf War was an introduction to the post-Cold War world. It was the first major joint air operation since Vietnam, and it involved extensive tactical ground …

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Operation Desert Storm

Gulf War 20th: The War at Sea

Most observers think of the Gulf War as a land and air campaign; surely the naval aspect was secondary. In fact it was primary: Without the seapower, the war could …

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The Military Sealift Command large, medium-speed, roll-on/roll-off ship USNS Watkins (background) and heavy lift ship MV Mighty Servant I moor side-by-side off San Diego during a Mobile Landing Platform demonstration Oct. 12, 2006. Cargo from Watkins was transferred to Mighty Servant I and then loaded onto hovercraft for delivery to shore during a test of the military logistics concept known as seabasing. Sea bases are envisioned as virtual floating military bases composed of more than a dozen amphibious assault ships, auxiliary vessels and connector vessels. These bases will enable the military to deploy U.S. forces and their cargo from the sea to contingency sites anywhere in the world. Photo courtesy of Navy Program Executive Office.

The Sea Base: A Status Report

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The Sea Base has moved quietly from an expression of an aspect of seapower to a central means of supporting Marine Corps strategy. The Marines gain enormously from the extent …

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Northrop Grumman imagery of USS America (LHA 6). While the artwork shows a ship closely resembling a recent Wasp-class LHD, America will differ in having much improved aviation facilities. Image courtesy of Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding.

USS America (LHA 6) A Different Kind of Gator

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USS America (LHA 6) is the latest large-deck amphibious ship, the first of a four-ship class. Together with the eight LHDs (the last of which is Makin Island), her class …

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On July 31, 1964, USS Enterprise (CVAN 65) (bottom), USS Long Beach (CGN 9) (center) and USS Bainbridge (DLGN 25) (top) formed "Task Force One," the first nuclear-powered Task Force, and sailed 49.190 km around the world in 65 days during Operation Sea Orbit. . Accomplished without a single refueling or replenishment, the operation demonstrated the capability of nuclear-powered surface ships. U.S. Navy photograph.

The “N” in CVN Centennial of Naval Aviation

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It has been a little over half a century since the first nuclear-powered warship, the submarine USS Nautilus, signaled that she was under way on nuclear power in 1955. Carriers …

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* Eugene Ely lands his Curtiss pusher biplane aboard USS Pennsylvania in January 1911. National Archives photo.

Aircraft Carrier Evolution Centennial of Naval Aviation

The George H.W. Bush is the current chapter in a carrier story which began almost a century ago, in November 1910, when an intrepid aviator named Eugene “George” Ely flew …

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